Nazis

FWN was appointed at age 24 to the chair of classical philology at Basel University . He is unique among German philosophers for having become nearly a household word outside the academic world, thanks in...

Having, as a member from its early years of the P. E. N. Club (later PEN International), supported writers persecuted for their opinions, GHS began in the 1930s to work for refugees from Nazi Germany...

In 1929 and again in 1930 she was a member of the British Delegation to the League of Nations Assembly in Geneva (one of two women delegates sent by Britain), where her most exciting assignment...

Meanwhile, because members of Constable 's were serving in the armed forces, HW went back to work in publishing. She became assistant editor of the Conservative monthly the Nineteenth Century and After (published by Constable)...

NC worked as a translator in London for the Free French , the French government-in-exile during the rule of Marshall Pétain 's Nazi -compliant Vichy government in France.

ER 's committee raised three hundred thousand pounds to fund the children's transport. Having begun with Spanish refugees, she became over the next few years deeply involved in the cause of refugees from Czecholovakia...

GS 's politics were equivocal and often conservative. She was not explicitly feminist, yet many critics have celebrated her early writings on female lives and relationships as pro-feminist. GS writes in Everybody's Autobiography that she...

As the political climate moved increasingly towards war, ER advocated League of Nations sanctions against Mussolini 's Italy (with the threat of force), as well as a closer relationship between Britain and the USSR in...

In 1935 SJ 's thoughts were turning even more sharply toward the fearful certainty of another war: in her autobiography she describes her awareness of this certainty flicker[ing] continuously, just below the horizon, a lightning...

Their brief was in particular to assert the independence of the Scottish branch of PEN from the English branch. Having spent a good deal of time in Europe without paying close attention to the political...

During World War One GHS became and remained a fully convinced pacifist, as did her husband. Years later, with Nazi Germany re-arming, she reluctantly ceased to be a pacifist. She resigned, painfully, from Dick Sheppard

RF had been patriotically outraged at the Italian invasion of Abyssinia on 3 October 1935 (which was presented as saving the country from British imperialism). Visiting Germany in 1937, when she found most young...

During Storm Jameson 's presidency of the English branch of PEN International (which began early in 1938) the Schützes lent Glebe House for a two-day sale raising funds for refugees from the Nazis . GHS

SB 's political activities included steady opposition to France's colonial war in Algeria, and lifelong support for socialism and feminism. Elaine Showalter has written that SB 's feminist credentials stem from her writing, and...

In spring 1938 terrible stories were current in Cardiff about the treatment of Jews in NaziGermany. Most Welsh or English people disbelieved the stories, but not Jewish people. BR found herself, with her...